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A licensed behavior analyst is a type of mental health professional in the United States. They have at least a master's degree, and sometimes a doctorate, in behavior analysis or a related field.〔Cautilli, J.D., & Dziewolska, H. (2008). Licensing behavior analysts: General historical issues and why people oppose them. ''International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4(1),'' 1-13.(BAO )〕 Behavior analysts apply behaviorism to people by performing applied behavior analysis.〔 == Defining the scope of practice == The Behavior Analysis Certification Board (BACB) defines behavior analysis as follows:〔(BACB )〕 "The field of behavior analysis grew out of the scientific study of principles of learning and behavior. It has two main branches: experimental and applied behavior analysis. The experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) is the basic science of this field and has over many decades accumulated a substantial and well-respected research literature. This literature provides the scientific foundation for applied behavior analysis (ABA), which is both an applied science that develops methods of changing behavior and a profession that provides services to meet diverse behavioral needs. Briefly, professionals in applied behavior analysis engage in the specific and comprehensive use of principles of learning, including operant and respondent learning, in order to address behavioral needs of widely varying individuals in diverse settings. Examples of these applications include: building the skills and achievements of children in school settings; enhancing the development, abilities, and choices of children and adults with different kinds of disabilities; and augmenting the performance and satisfaction of employees in organizations and businesses." As the above suggests, behavior analysis is based on the principles of operant and respondent conditioning. This places behavior analysis as one of the dominant models of behavior modification, behavior management, behavioral engineering and behavior therapy. Behavior analysis is an active, environmental based approach and some behavior analytic procedures are considered highly restrictive (see Least Restrictive Environment). For example, these service may make access to preferred items contingent on performance. This has led to abuses in the past, in particular where punishment programs have been involved.〔Cautilli, J.D., & Weinberg, M. (2007).Editorial: To license or not to license? That is the question: Or, if we make a profession, will they come?''The Behavior Analyst Today, 8(1),'' 1–8.()〕 In addition, failure to be an independent profession often leads behavior analysts and other behavior modifiers to have their ethical codes supplanted by those of other professions.〔Cautilli, J.D. & Weinberg, M. (2007). Editorial – Beholden To Other Professions. ''The Behavior Analyst Today, 8(2''), 111–113. ()〕 For example, a behavior analyst working in the hospital setting might design a token economy, a form of contingency management. He may desire to meet his ethical obligation to make the program habilitative and in the clients' best long-term interest. The physicians and nurses in the hospital who supervise him may decide that the token economy should instead create order in the nursing routines so clients get their medication quickly and efficiently. Instead of the ethical code of the Behavior Analysis Certification Board and the Association for Behavior Analysis International's position that those receiving treatment have a right to effective treatment〔(ABA:I )〕 and a right to effective education.〔(ABA:I )〕 In addition, failure on the part of a behavior analyst to adequately supervise his or her workers could lead to abuse.〔Bassett, J. E., & Blanchard, E. B. (1977). "The effect of the absence of close supervision on the use of response cost in a prison token economy". ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10'', 375–380.〕 Finally, misrepresentations of the field and historical problems between academics has led to frequent calls to professionalize behavior analysis.〔Cautilli, J. D. & Rosenwasser, B.J. (2001) The Editors speak out on intellectual bigotry: Why We Need To Become A Profession. ''The Behavior Analyst Today, 2 (1)'', 2–4 (BAO )〕 In general there is wide support within the profession for licensure 〔Cautilli, J.D., & Dziewolska, H. (2008). Licensing behavior analysts: General historical issues and why people oppose them. ''International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4(1),'' 1-13.(BAO )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Licensed behavior analyst」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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